Which of the following terms describes the rules governing the structure of sentences?

The term that describes the rules governing the structure of sentences is syntax. Syntax refers to the set of rules, principles, and processes that dictate how words and phrases are arranged to create meaningful sentences in a language. This includes the order of words, the use of phrases, and the relationship between different components of a sentence to convey clear meaning. Understanding syntax is essential for both spoken and written communication, as it ensures that sentences are constructed correctly and can be easily understood by others.

In contrast, phonology deals with the sound systems of language, semantics focuses on meaning and interpretation of words and sentences, and orthography pertains to the conventional spelling system of a language. Each of these areas plays a different role in language structure and usage, but when it comes specifically to sentence construction, syntax is the correct term to use.